The cost of pollution: Babies are born asthmatic, getting sicker, Pg14

Key Highlights:

• Rising air pollution in Delhi is causing increased cases of asthma and respiratory issues in children.
• Exposure to pollutants during pregnancy can lead to low birth weight and compromised respiratory systems in newborns.
• PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide can impair organ development in the foetus.
• Doctors recommend pregnant women and children use air purifiers, limit outdoor exposure, and consume foods rich in antioxidants.

Detailed Insights:

• Air pollution affects foetal development by causing inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduced oxygen delivery, increasing the risk of allergies and asthma.
• Microplastics, acting as endocrine disruptors, can cross the placenta and interfere with the development of the foetus's organs and central nervous system.
• Compromised lung capacity in infants due to pollution leads to longer stays in NICUs and potential chronic respiratory illnesses in adulthood.
• Preventive measures include improving indoor air quality, limiting exposure to pollutants, and stricter emission controls through urban planning and public policy.

Scientific/Technical Concepts Involved:

• PM2.5: Fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less, which can penetrate deeply into the lungs and bloodstream.
• Oxidative Stress: An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, leading to cell and tissue damage.
• Endocrine Disruptors: Chemicals that can interfere with the body's endocrine system and produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune effects.