What is futuristic marine and space biotechnology?, Pg8

Key Highlights:

• Marine biotechnology explores oceans for bioactive compounds, enzymes, and biomaterials.
• Space biotechnology studies biological systems under microgravity and radiation.
• India has a long coastline with untapped marine potential for biomanufacturing.
• ISRO conducts microgravity biology experiments for food production and life support.
• EU and China are investing heavily in marine bioprospecting and aquaculture.
• A dedicated roadmap is needed to channel resources for marine and space biotechnology.

Detailed Insights:

• India's Exclusive Economic Zone provides access to marine biodiversity, but its global marine output share is low.
• Investing in marine biomanufacturing can reduce pressure on land and freshwater resources.
• The Blue Economy agenda and Deep Ocean Mission aim to integrate marine biomanufacturing in India.
• India imports seaweed-derived components for food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
• ISRO's programme studies food production and human health in space.
• The U.S. leads in space biotechnology through NASA and the International Space Station.
• A roadmap defining timelines for marine and space biotechnology would help channel resources.

Key Concepts Involved:

• Biomanufacturing: Using biological systems to produce materials and chemicals.
• Bioactive compounds: Substances with biological effects, used in medicine and cosmetics.
• Microgravity: Condition of very weak gravity, as in space.
• Blue Economy: Sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth.