Sudan civil war: Deepening humanitarian crisis, Pg7

Key Highlights:

• Civil war in Sudan, between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), began on April 15, 2023.
• Sudan's GDP contracted sharply by 29% in 2023-24 due to the conflict.
• The RSF has intensified its offensive in the Kordofan region, while the SAF controls eastern and central areas.
• El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur, fell after an 18-month siege, resulting in over 1,400 deaths between April 2023 and October 2025.
• Over 9.8 million people have been displaced as of September 2025, marking the largest and fastest-growing displacement crisis globally.
• Food prices have surged dramatically, with sorghum prices in Kadugli increasing tenfold and millet prices in El Fasher exceeding $500 for 3.5 kilograms in 2025.
• Sudan entered famine conditions in September 2025, with 1% of the population facing the highest level of food insecurity.

Detailed Insights:

• The civil war is rooted in a power struggle between General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (SAF) and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (RSF), escalating from tensions over integrating the RSF into the national army.
• The RSF's territorial gains in Darfur and Kordofan enable it to potentially establish a parallel administration in western Sudan.
• A recent drone strike in Kalogi, South Kordofan, resulted in civilian casualties, including children, highlighting the conflict's impact on civilians.
• The fall of El Fasher after a prolonged siege signifies a major shift in the war, with nearly 400 incidents of violence targeting civilians reported in the region.
• The humanitarian crisis is deepening, with market data indicating extreme food insecurity and soaring prices for essential commodities like sorghum and millet.
• Nationwide food insecurity data reveals a worsening situation, with a significant increase in crisis-level food insecurity and a decline in the population with minimal food security.
• The conflict has led to a severe contraction of Sudan's economy, exacerbating the already fragile economic conditions and pushing the country into famine.

Key Concepts Involved:

• GDP Contraction: A decline in a country's gross domestic product, indicating economic recession.
• Food Insecurity: A state where individuals lack consistent access to adequate and nutritious food.
• Displacement Crisis: A situation where a large number of people are forced to flee their homes due to conflict or disaster.