What is the Significance of the Census , Pg10

Key Highlights:

• The next Census is scheduled in two phases with March 1, 2027 as the reference date.
• India’s first synchronous Census was conducted in 1881; the last one was in 2011.
• The two phases of Census: House listing (housing-related data) and Population enumeration (individual demographic data).
• Census data to inform delimitation of constituencies and implementation of women's reservation in legislatures.
• The Census is governed by The Census Act, 1948 and managed by the Central government with State cooperation.

Detailed Insights:

• Historical Context: References to Census-like activities exist in ancient Indian texts like Arthashastra and Ain-i-Akbari. Modern decennial censuses began in 1881 under British rule.
• Operational Structure: Census is a Union subject with execution handled at State level by teachers and local officials. The process includes a nationwide synchronous data collection every 10 years.
• Postponement and Impact: COVID-19 delayed the 2021 Census, making this the first decennial disruption in over 140 years.
• Caste Enumeration: A politically sensitive move aimed at better targeting affirmative action policies. It requires meticulous planning and accurate classification.
• Delimitation Challenge: Post-2026 Census data may trigger Lok Sabha and Assembly seat redistribution. States with lower population growth (mainly southern and northeastern States) fear reduced political influence.

Key Concepts Involved:

• Synchronous Census: A Census where enumeration is carried out across the country at the same time for consistency.
• Delimitation: The act of redrawing the boundaries of electoral constituencies based on population data to ensure equitable representation.

Mains Mock Question:

Q. Why is the 2027 Census considered a landmark in India’s democratic governance? Discuss its implications for caste enumeration, legislative delimitation, and women’s representation.