What is the current political situation in South Korea?, Pg 8

Key Highlights

Background of Crisis

• On December 3, 2024, President Yoon Suk Yeol declared martial law to “protect Korea from anti-state forces”.

• The move triggered massive protests; was later overturned by the National Assembly.

Impeachment Process

• On Dec 14, 2024, Assembly voted 204–96 in favour of impeachment.

• On April 4, 2025, Constitutional Court unanimously upheld impeachment (8-0).

• Mr. Yoon became the 2nd President in 8 years to be removed.

Reasons for Impeachment

• Court said Yoon:

  • Violated constitutional rules

  • Misused martial law to bypass Assembly opposition

  • Threatened military neutrality

  • Betrayed democratic trust

Post-Impeachment Situation

• Presidential elections on June 3, 2025

• Interim govt maintaining peace amid protests

• PPP party (Yoon’s) is in disarray

• Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) seen as election frontrunner (Lee Jae-Myung)

Geopolitical Implications

• South Korea now faces:

  • U.S. 25% reciprocal tariffs

  • Internal political instability

  • Rebuilding democratic legitimacy

Analysis & Way Forward

• The case highlights judicial independence, constitutional integrity, and the ability of democratic institutions to check executive overreach.

• Political and economic recovery depends on transparent elections and restoration of civilian trust.

Mains Mock Question:

"What does the impeachment of South Korea’s President reveal about the functioning of democratic checks and balances? Analyze its domestic and geopolitical implications."