An Equitable Future for Women in Science in India, Pg 6

1. Challenges for Women in STEM - Gendered social norms, limited access to quality education, and non-inclusive workplaces hinder women’s participation in STEM.
   • Harassment, discrimination, and work-life balance struggles reduce career progression.
   • Women in research often face lower funding, fewer leadership opportunities, and isolation from professional networks.
2. Gender Gaps in Science & Engineering - Global STEM study across 38 countries: Higher attrition rates for women due to structural barriers.
   • Survey in India (2020-21):
     • Women faculty in STEM fields – 17% in biology, 8% in engineering.
     • Women underrepresented at conferences and leadership positions despite equal talent.
3. Interventions & Policy Initiatives - Department of Science & Technology (DST) launched GATI (2020) to create inclusive research environments.
   • WISE-KIRAN, Women Scientists Scheme (WOS), and BioCARe programs support career re-entry and mentoring.
   • BiasWatchIndia tracks gender bias in research to promote accountability.

Analysis & Way Forward

• Eliminate gender-based career restrictions, improve mentorship and ensure funding parity.
• Encourage early intervention at school and university levels to retain women in STEM.
• Recognizing women’s contributions in science fosters innovation, representation, and a more inclusive research ecosystem.

Mains Mock Question:

"Despite increasing female enrollment in higher education, women remain underrepresented in STEM careers. Identify key barriers and suggest measures to bridge this gender gap."