Turn and churn: A caste census should not be allowed to ossify social segmentation, Pg8

• The Centre's decision to include caste enumeration in the Census marks a policy reversal by the BJP government.

  • Political parties, including the BJP and the Congress, are racing to claim credit for social justice initiatives.

  • The move is viewed as an attempt to respond to rising caste assertion, particularly in states like Bihar and Maharashtra.

  Detailed Insights:

  • Political Context:

    • BJP previously opposed caste census, criticising it as “urban Naxal thinking”.

      • Shift driven by electoral considerations, especially with Bihar elections approaching.

      • Maharashtra and Haryana Assembly results in 2024 showed caste-based mobilisation retaining electoral salience.

    • Congress Strategy:

      • Rahul Gandhi has endorsed caste justice as part of Congress’ platform.

      • Demands removal of 50% cap on reservations and reservation in private educational institutions.

    • RSS and BJP Dynamics:

      • RSS chief's 2015 opposition to caste-based reservations cost BJP in past Bihar polls.

      • Current shift indicates BJP’s attempt to regain OBC-Dalit support base.

  Scientific/Technical Concepts Involved:

  • Caste Census:

    Enumeration of population by caste in a decadal census to enable more targeted affirmative action policies.

  • Article 16(4) of Constitution:

    Allows for reservation in public services for backward classes inadequately represented.

  Significance:

  • A caste census could reshape Indian social and political landscape by:

    • Quantifying caste demographics.

      • Informing reservation policies based on evidence.

    • Critics argue it could entrench caste divisions, making identity the basis for all political demands.

  • Supporters believe it’s essential for evidence-based policymaking and inclusive governance.

Mains Mock Question:

"Critically examine the implications of conducting a caste census in contemporary India. Should caste enumeration be used for furthering social justice or could it risk reinforcing social divisions?"