Rakhigarhi skeletons to undergo DNA tests, facial reconstruction, Pg8

Key Highlights:

• The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has sent 5,000-year-old skeletons from Rakhigarhi, the largest known site of the Harappan Civilization, for scientific examination and facial reconstruction.
• Four skeletons were dispatched to the Anthropological Survey of India (AnSI) in Kolkata for detailed study.
• DNA samples from one of the skeletons have been sent to the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) in Lucknow for analysis.
• The scientific studies aim to determine ancestry, health, physical features, and social status of the ancient inhabitants, along with facial reconstruction.

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Detailed Insights:

• Rakhigarhi, located in Haryana, is a significant archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization, dating back approximately 4200 BCE.
• Five complete skeletons were recovered, with preliminary assessments suggesting three females and two males, all aged between 30 and 40 years.
• The research will investigate causes of death, identify potential diseases, and reconstruct the palaeo-environment of the period.
• Facial reconstruction is a key objective, aiming to create a visual representation of what the Harappan people may have looked like.
• Three additional fragmentary burials were found at Mound No. 7, the ancient cemetery area, which were likely disturbed by agricultural activity.
• The ASI is the premier government agency responsible for archaeological research and the conservation of cultural heritage in India.
• The AnSI conducts extensive field studies and research in various domains of anthropology, including bio-cultural aspects and the study of human skeletal remains.
• The BSIP integrates plant and earth sciences to carry out palaeobotanical research, including DNA sequencing and palaeo-environmental studies.

Scientific/Technical Concepts Involved:

• DNA Analysis: A scientific technique used to study genetic material from ancient remains to understand ancestry, migration patterns, and health conditions of past populations.
• Facial Reconstruction: The process of recreating the likely facial appearance of an individual based on their skull, combining scientific analysis with artistic skill.
• Palaeo-environment: The study of past environments, including climate, flora, and fauna, to understand the ecological conditions in which ancient populations lived.
• Archaeogenetics: A multidisciplinary field combining archaeology, genetics, and paleontology to study the genetic makeup and population dynamics of ancient human groups.