9 in 10 Indian adults have abnormal lipid level; low HDL most common, Pg12

Key Highlights:

• A national study by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-INDIAB found that 87.3% of Indian adults have at least one abnormal lipid level.
• This makes dyslipidemia, an unhealthy balance of fats in the blood, one of India's most widespread health problems.
• Low High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was identified as the most common abnormality, affecting two out of three adults.
• The study revealed that dyslipidemia peaks among individuals aged 30 to 39 years, indicating an early onset of the condition.
• Researchers estimate around 355 million Indians have abnormal lipid levels despite appearing otherwise healthy.

Detailed Insights:

• The ICMR-INDIAB study analyzed lipid profiles from 23,665 adults across all states and Union Territories.
• Women showed a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia than men, and urban residents were more affected than rural ones, though the gap is narrowing.
• Lifestyle changes, including sedentary occupations, processed food diets, and reduced physical activity, are significant contributors to the rising prevalence.
• Indians are genetically predisposed to certain metabolic profiles, but carbohydrate-heavy diets are a major driver, increasing triglycerides and lowering HDL.
• The unique metabolic profile of South Asians often includes low HDL and elevated triglycerides even at normal body weight, linked to insulin resistance.
• Early onset of abnormal lipid levels means longer lifetime exposure to cholesterol-related damage, increasing the risk of premature cardiovascular disease.
• The study advocates for earlier screening of cholesterol, not waiting for the development of diabetes, hypertension, or obesity.

Key Concepts Involved:

• Dyslipidemia: An unhealthy imbalance of lipids (fats) in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides.
• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL): Often called "good cholesterol," it helps remove excess cholesterol from arteries.
• Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL): Often called "bad cholesterol," high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries.
• Triglycerides: A type of fat found in the blood; high levels can increase the risk of heart disease.
• Insulin Resistance: A condition where the body's cells don't respond well to insulin, leading to higher blood sugar levels.