The assertion that development and welfare schemes for vulnerable sections are discriminatory in approach invites critical examination of their design and implementation. While these schemes aim to uplift marginalized communities, they may inadvertently create divisions by prioritizing certain groups over others.

Q.17 Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable sections, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Vulnerable sections in India include Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs), women, children, elderly, and differently-abled individuals. Development and welfare schemes aim to uplift these groups, ensuring their inclusion in the nation's growth. Directive principles of state policy guides the development and welfare policies of the Indian state. 

Body

Some aspects of welfare schemes can be perceived as discriminatory, which are as follows - 

• Targeting specific groups
  • For ex- Shram Yogi Man Dhan Yojana, having land criteria to deliver benefits and therefore excluding landless category. 
  •  Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana's emphasis on villages with over 50% SC population. While this targeting addresses specific needs, it can inadvertently exclude others.
• Strict eligibility criteria, such as income-based parameters, may exclude individuals slightly above the threshold but still facing financial precarity.
  • For ex- Ayushman Bharat scheme – has SECC criteria. 
  • Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) provides free LPG connections to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families. While crucial for many, it might miss families just above the BPL threshold who still struggle to afford LPG.
• Schemes targeted at rural areas, like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), might neglect the needs of the urban poor.
• Schemes like Eklavya residential school, specifically targeting ST category students may exclude other needy students of the area.
• For instance, the Standup India scheme can only be availed by SC/ST/Women beneficiaries, excluding male aspirants of other categories. 

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Counter-arguments - 

• Social Justice - These schemes aim to level the playing field. Historically disadvantaged groups face more obstacles. Schemes like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao address gender imbalance and promote girl's education, working towards a more equitable society.
• Uplifting the Vulnerable-  These programs provide a safety net for those who need it most. Without targeted support, vulnerable sections might remain stuck in poverty or marginalisation.
• Efficiency - Focusing resources on specific needs allows for a more tailored and impactful approach. General welfare programs might be less effective in addressing deeply entrenched issues.

Conclusion

Development and welfare schemes can be a double-edged sword. While they might have elements of targeting that could be seen as discriminatory, they are often necessary to address historical inequalities and promote social justice.  The key is to ensure these programs are well-designed, reach those truly in need, and evolve to address the specific needs of different vulnerable sections. 

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