Q.20 Naxalism is a social, economic and developmental issue manifesting as a violent internal security threat. In this context, discuss the emerging issues gest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of Naxalism.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Naxalism originated in the late 1960s as a socio-economic and political movement, primarily driven by the grievances of marginalised communities against systemic exploitation and neglect. It began in Naxalbari, West Bengal, and has since evolved into a significant internal security threat.

Body

Naxalism is a multifaceted issue encompassing socio-economic, political, and security dimensions. The movement thrives on the exploitation of marginalized communities, particularly tribals, who face land alienation, lack of basic amenities, and unemployment. Politically, it challenges state authority and governance, while security-wise, it disrupts law and order through violent insurgency.

Emerging Issues:

• Exploitation of Marginalized Communities: Tribals and lower castes continue to face systemic exploitation, fueling Naxal recruitment.
• Urban-Naxal Linkages: Increasing urban support networks provide intellectual and logistical backing to rural insurgents.
• Weaponization of Tribal Grievances: Naxal groups exploit genuine tribal grievances to further their agenda.
• Disinformation and Propaganda: Use of social media and other platforms to spread disinformation and radicalize youth.
• Disruption of Development Projects: Attacks on infrastructure projects hinder economic development and alienate local populations.

Multilayered Strategy:

• Addressing Root Causes: Implement land reforms, ensure fair distribution of resources, and protect tribal rights.
• Improving Law Enforcement: Strengthen local police forces, enhance training, and ensure better coordination among security agencies.
• Promoting Good Governance and Social Inclusion: Ensure transparency, accountability, and inclusivity in governance. Empower local self-governments.
• Socio-Economic Development: Invest in education, healthcare, and employment opportunities in affected regions. Example: The Aspirational Districts Programme.
• Infrastructure for Intelligence and Quick Response: Develop robust intelligence networks and rapid response teams to preempt and counter Naxal activities.
• Public Awareness Campaign: Educate the public about the detrimental effects of Naxalism and promote peace and development narratives.

Conclusion

In conclusion, addressing Naxalism requires a comprehensive and sustained approach involving significant resources and unwavering political will over an extended period. Only through a concerted effort can the root causes be addressed, and the cycle of violence be broken.

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