UPSC 2021 Mains GS1 Model Answer -What are the environmental implications of the reclamation of the water bodies into urban land use? Explain with examples.

Q.6 What are the environmental implications of the reclamation of the water bodies into urban land use? Explain with examples.

Model Answer :

Introduction

The reclamation of water bodies for urban development is a growing trend worldwide, driven by the pressures of increasing urban populations and the quest for economic growth. This practice involves converting lakes, rivers, and wetlands into usable land for construction, commercial ventures, and housing. 

Body

Environmental implications of the water bodies 

• Loss of Biodiversity
  • As wetlands, rivers, and lakes are rich ecosystems that support diverse flora and fauna.
• Increased Flooding
  • In Chennai, the encroachment on water bodies such as the Adyar River has exacerbated flooding during heavy rains
• Water Pollution
  • The Bellandur lake in Bengaluru is heavily polluted due to encroachments and untreated sewage inflows. 
• Reduction in Groundwater Recharge
  • In Hyderabad, the conversion of areas around the Hussain Sagar Lake into real estate has reduced groundwater recharge rates.
• Increased Urban Heat Island Effect
  • Conversion of water bodies into urban areas has intensified the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. 
• Negative Impact on Local Climate Regulation
  • Altered land use has intensified erosion and sedimentation problems.

Conclusion

The reclamation of water bodies for urban development poses significant environmental challenges, affecting biodiversity, flood management, water quality, and human health. Addressing these implications requires a shift towards more environmentally friendly practices.

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