Q18. Discuss the recent measures initiated in disaster management by the Government of India departing from the earlier reactive approach.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Disaster management in India has evolved significantly in recent years, transitioning from a predominantly reactive approach to a more proactive and integrated strategy. Historically, India’s disaster management efforts focused largely on response and recovery, addressing the aftermath of disasters rather than anticipating and mitigating their impacts. However, recognizing the need for a more effective framework, the Government of India has introduced several measures aimed at enhancing preparedness, prevention, and resilience. 

Body

Recent Measures Initiated in Disaster Management:

1. National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) 2019: The NDMP 2019 marks a significant departure from previous plans by emphasising a risk reduction approach. It introduces a comprehensive framework for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery, focusing on integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies into development planning. The plan also outlines specific roles for different stakeholders, including local governments, communities, and the private sector.
2. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) Guidelines: NDMA has issued various guidelines aimed at improving disaster management across different sectors. For instance, guidelines on earthquake safety, flood management, and cyclone preparedness have been developed to standardise practices and enhance the effectiveness of response measures.
3. National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA): The creation of NEMA is a step towards centralising and coordinating disaster management efforts. NEMA is tasked with overseeing the implementation of disaster management strategies, ensuring better coordination among agencies, and facilitating timely responses.
4. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Initiatives: The government has launched several DRR initiatives, including community-based programs and awareness campaigns. These initiatives focus on educating the public about disaster preparedness, building local capacities, and involving communities in risk reduction efforts.
5. Technological Innovations: The use of technology has become a cornerstone of India’s disaster management strategy. The government has invested in advanced early warning systems, satellite mapping, and data analytics to improve forecasting and response capabilities. The integration of technology helps in real-time monitoring and decision-making during emergencies.
6. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) Act Amendments: Recent amendments to the NDMA Act have enhanced the legal framework for disaster management. These amendments aim to strengthen the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, ensure better resource allocation, and promote a more coordinated approach to disaster management.
7. State-Level Initiatives: States have also developed their own disaster management plans and established State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) to tailor strategies to local needs. These state-specific plans complement national efforts and address regional vulnerabilities more effectively.

‍Conclusion

The recent measures initiated by the Government of India reflect a significant shift towards a proactive and integrated approach to disaster management. By focusing on risk reduction, enhancing preparedness, and leveraging technological advancements, these initiatives aim to mitigate the impact of disasters and build resilience across the country. This evolving approach not only aligns with global best practices but also addresses the unique challenges faced by India due to its diverse geography and vulnerability to various hazards. The continued evolution of these strategies will be crucial in ensuring a more resilient and prepared India in the face of future disasters.

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