Q16. Describe the benefits of deriving electric energy from sunlight in contrast to conventional energy generation. What are the initiatives offered by our Government for this purpose?

Model Answer:

Introduction

Harnessing solar energy presents a sustainable alternative to conventional energy sources, such as fossil fuels, which have significant environmental and health impacts.

Body

Benefits of Solar Energy

1. Environmental Impact: Solar energy is a clean and renewable source of power. It reduces greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants compared to fossil fuels, which contribute to climate change and health problems.
2. Sustainability: Solar energy is inexhaustible in human terms. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and depleting, the sun will continue to provide energy for billions of years.
3. Reduced Energy Bills: Solar panels can significantly reduce electricity bills for individuals and businesses by generating free power from sunlight after the initial investment in equipment and installation.
4. Low Operating Costs: Once installed, solar panels require minimal maintenance and have low operating costs compared to traditional power plants, which involve complex and expensive machinery and fuel.
5. Energy Independence: Solar energy can reduce reliance on imported fuels and enhance national energy security. It can also be harnessed in remote and rural areas, providing power to regions not connected to the central grid.
6. Job Creation: The solar industry has created numerous jobs in manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and research, contributing to economic growth.

Indian Government Initiatives for Solar Energy

The Indian government has launched several initiatives to promote solar energy and transition towards a sustainable energy system. Key initiatives include:

1. National Solar Mission: Part of the National Action Plan on Climate Change, this mission aims to promote the use of solar energy in India. It sets targets for solar power generation, including reaching 100 GW of installed solar capacity by 2022.
2. Solar Park Scheme: This initiative involves setting up large solar parks to boost solar power generation. The parks are designed to provide infrastructure and support to solar power developers, facilitating the development of large-scale solar projects.
3. Grid-Connected Solar Rooftop Scheme: This scheme encourages the installation of solar panels on rooftops of residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. It offers financial incentives, subsidies, and grid connectivity to make solar energy more accessible.
4. Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM): This program aims to promote the use of solar energy in agriculture by providing financial support for solar-powered irrigation pumps and grid-connected solar power projects.
5. Solar Water Pumping Scheme: This scheme supports the installation of solar-powered water pumps for agricultural use, reducing the dependence on diesel and improving water access in rural areas.
6. Incentives and Subsidies: The Indian government provides various financial incentives and subsidies for solar power projects, including tax benefits, capital subsidies, and low-interest loans to encourage adoption.

Conclusion

These initiatives reflect India’s commitment to increasing the share of renewable energy in its energy mix and addressing climate change while fostering sustainable development.

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