Model Answer:
Customs and traditions are deeply embedded in Indian society, reflecting its rich diversity and cultural heritage. Customs and traditions are established practices and beliefs passed down through generations, shaping social behaviour and community norms. Obscurantism, on the other hand, refers to the practice of deliberately preventing the facts or full details of something from becoming known, often leading to the suppression of reason and scientific thought.
Customs and traditions can sometimes lead to obscurantism. For instance, the practice of Sati, which was prevalent in certain parts of India, was a harmful tradition that suppressed reason and led to the death of many women. Similarly, Khap Panchayats in some regions enforce regressive norms, such as honour killings, which are clear examples of obscurantism. Social pressure to conform to these customs often prevents individuals from questioning or challenging them, perpetuating harmful practices.
However, customs and traditions are also an essential part of Indian culture and do not necessarily lead to obscurantism. They play a crucial role in social cohesion and provide a sense of identity and belonging. For example, the festival of Diwali promotes family bonding and community spirit. Various community practices, such as the Langar in Sikhism, emphasise equality and service to humanity. Key personalities like Mahatma Gandhi have shown how traditions can be harnessed for positive social change, as seen in his use of traditional spinning (Charkha) to promote self-reliance and economic independence.
In conclusion, while customs and traditions are integral to every society, practices that harm individuals or groups have no place. It is essential to incorporate rational aspects within customs and traditions to ensure they evolve positively. Although there are instances where customs and traditions lead to obscurantism, it does not mean they inherently suppress reason.
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