Q7. What is wetland? Explain the Ramsar concept of ‘wise use’ in the context of wetland conservation. Cite two examples of Ramsar sites from India.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Wetlands are ecologically sensitive areas where water saturates the land either permanently or seasonally, creating a unique environment that supports biodiversity and provides ecosystem services like water filtration, flood control, and carbon sequestration.

Body

Ramsar Concept of ‘Wise Use’

1. Sustainable Utilisation: The Ramsar Convention defines "wise use" as the maintenance of a wetland's ecological character through sustainable development that benefits both nature and humans.
2. Ecological Balance: It ensures wetlands are used for agriculture, fisheries, tourism, or water storage without compromising their natural functions, such as supporting biodiversity and regulating climate.
3. Community and Stakeholder Involvement: The Ramsar approach involves local communities, governments, and other stakeholders in decision-making, integrating conservation with socio-economic needs.
4. Policy and Legislation Support: Ramsar encourages countries to enact supportive policies and legal frameworks to protect wetlands and ensure their conservation while enabling sustainable use.

Examples of Ramsar Sites in India

1. Sundarbans Wetland, West Bengal: The largest tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world, it supports rich biodiversity, including the Bengal tiger, and provides livelihood to millions of people.
2. Loktak Lake, Manipur: Known for its phumdis (floating islands), it supports the only floating national park, Keibul Lamjao, and is crucial for hydrological functions and local livelihoods.

Conclusion‍

The Ramsar concept of "wise use" focuses on sustainable management practices, aiming to balance conservation with the socio-economic benefits wetlands provide, ensuring their long-term preservation.

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