Left-wing extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend but still affects many parts of the country. Briefly explain the Government of India’s approach to counter the challenges posed by LWE.
Left-wing extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend but still affects many parts of the country. Briefly explain the Government of India’s approach to counter the challenges posed by LWE.
Left-Wing Extremism incidents have declined by 65.7% from 1,091 in 2014 to 374 in 2024, yet the Government of India maintains a comprehensive multi-pronged strategy to address remaining challenges.
GoI's Multi-pronged Approach to LWE
Security Operations and Intelligence
- Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) deployment including specialized COBRA (Commando Battalion for Resolute Action) units in 90 LWE-affected districts
- Enhanced intelligence coordination through Multi Agency Centre (MAC) and Subsidiary Multi Agency Centre (SMAC) for real-time information sharing
- Implementation of grid-based operations and area domination strategies to deny safe havens to extremists
- Security-related expenditure allocation of ₹3,481.27 crore for 2025-26 to strengthen counter-insurgency capabilities
- Joint operations between central and state forces through Inter-State Joint Task Forces
Development-Focused Approach
- Special Central Assistance (SCA) scheme providing funds for infrastructure development in backward areas
- Road Requirement Plan-I (RRP-I) constructing strategic roads and bridges to improve connectivity in remote regions
- Aspirational Districts Programme targeting holistic development in LWE-affected backward districts
- Construction of fortified police stations and mobile tower installations for better communication networks
Rehabilitation and Surrender Policies
- Surrender and Rehabilitation Policy offering financial assistance up to ₹2.5 lakh and vocational training to surrendered Maoists
- Civic Action Programs by security forces including medical camps, education support, and infrastructure development
- Skill development initiatives under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana for youth employment generation
Governance and Rights Implementation
- Effective implementation of Forest Rights Act, 2006 to address tribal land rights and reduce grievances
- Strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions through PESA Act for local self-governance
- District Mineral Foundation ensuring equitable distribution of mining revenues to tribal communities
The integrated approach has successfully reduced LWE-affected districts from 106 to 38 by April 2024. The government's strategy of combining security, development, and governance reforms continues to yield positive results in eliminating extremism.
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