Q14. To enhance the quality of democracy in India the Election Commission of India has proposed electoral reforms in 2016. What are the suggested reforms and how far are they significant to make democracy successful?  

Model Answer:

Introduction

In 2016, the Election Commission of India (ECI) proposed several electoral reforms aimed at enhancing the quality of democracy in India. These reforms are crucial for strengthening the electoral process and ensuring fair representation.

Key Proposed Reforms

  1. Online Voter Registration: The ECI recommended the introduction of online voter registration to simplify the process for citizens. This reform aims to increase voter participation, particularly among youth and urban populations. As of 2024, India has over 1.5 billion eligible voters, but the voter turnout in the 2019 general elections was only 67.1%. Making registration easier could help boost these numbers.
  2. Mandatory Voting: The ECI suggested considering mandatory voting to ensure higher voter turnout. Countries like Australia have implemented this successfully, achieving turnout rates exceeding 90%. Implementing similar measures in India could address the issue of voter apathy.
  3. Limit on Electoral Expenditure: The proposal to set strict limits on electoral expenditure for candidates aims to curb the influence of money in politics. The high cost of elections often deters honest candidates from contesting. In the 2019 general elections, the total expenditure was estimated to be over ₹60,000 crores, indicating a need for regulation to promote transparency and fairness.
  4. Strengthening the Model Code of Conduct: The ECI proposed to enhance the Model Code of Conduct to ensure fair campaigning. This includes stricter regulations on hate speech and the misuse of government resources during elections, essential for maintaining the integrity of the electoral process.

Significance of the Reforms

The proposed reforms are significant for several reasons:

  • Enhancing Voter Participation: Simplifying the registration process and promoting mandatory voting can lead to a more engaged electorate, thus strengthening democracy.
  • Reducing Corruption: By limiting electoral expenditures, the reforms aim to minimize corruption and promote a level playing field for all candidates, fostering trust in the electoral process.
  • Promoting Fairness: Strengthening the Model Code of Conduct will ensure that elections are conducted in a fair and impartial manner, protecting the democratic rights of citizens.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the electoral reforms proposed by the Election Commission of India in 2016 are crucial for enhancing the quality of democracy. By addressing key issues such as voter participation, corruption, and fairness, these reforms can significantly contribute to the success of democracy in India.

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