Q6. Comment on the challenges for inclusive growth which include careless and useless manpower in the Indian context. Suggest measures to be taken to face these challenges.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Inclusive growth refers to broad-based, sustainable economic growth that provides equitable opportunities for all, including marginalized populations. However, challenges like careless and unproductive manpower hinder such growth in India. 

Body

Challenges:

1. Skilled Workforce Shortage: Many sectors face a skills gap due to inadequate vocational training and poor education quality, resulting in a workforce unable to meet industry demands, leading to unproductive employment.
2. Mismatch in Education and Employment: India’s education system often focuses on theoretical knowledge with minimal focus on practical skills, creating a mismatch between job market requirements and available manpower, contributing to underemployment.
3. Rural-Urban Migration: Uncontrolled migration from rural areas to urban centres creates imbalances. Unskilled workers often end up in informal jobs with low productivity, which doesn’t contribute effectively to economic growth.
4. Lack of Innovation in Employment Creation: India's traditional sectors like agriculture and manufacturing offer limited innovation, leading to stagnation in job creation. This results in a lack of meaningful opportunities for a growing workforce.
5. Overdependence on the Informal Sector: With over 90% of workers employed informally, there’s limited social security, skill development, or career progression. This dependency fosters the underutilization of manpower and reduces overall productivity.

Measures:

1. Enhanced Vocational Training: A structured skill development framework focusing on industry-relevant training programs can upskill the workforce, making them more productive and employable in high-demand sectors.
2. Industry-Education Alignment: Education reform should emphasize practical and market-driven curricula. Collaborations between industries and educational institutions will ensure students acquire skills required by employers.
3. Promotion of Rural Employment: Programs like MNREGA and rural entrepreneurship schemes should be strengthened to reduce migration by creating sustainable employment opportunities in rural areas, and promoting balanced regional growth.
4. Encouraging Innovation and Startups: Government support for innovation hubs and startups, especially in non-traditional sectors, can generate diverse employment opportunities and absorb the rising workforce, fostering inclusive growth.
5. Formalization of Employment: Policies promoting the transition of informal jobs into the formal economy, with benefits like skill development, social security, and fair wages, will improve the productivity and security of workers.

Conclusion

Addressing the challenges of careless and unproductive manpower through skill development, education reform, and formal employment will create inclusive growth, ensuring that economic benefits reach all sections of society.

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