Q8. National Urban Transport Policy emphasises ‘moving people’ instead of ‘moving vehicles’. Discuss critically the success of the various strategies of the Government in this regard.

Model Answer:

Introduction

The National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) of India emphasizes prioritizing the movement of people over vehicles to reduce congestion, and pollution, and improve urban mobility. This focus aims to create a sustainable, accessible, and efficient urban transport system.

Body

Policy Emphasis: "Moving People" vs. "Moving Vehicles"

The NUTP highlights a shift from vehicle-centric planning to people-centric mobility, advocating for public transport, non-motorized transport options like cycling and walking, and enhancing last-mile connectivity. This approach aims to reduce private vehicle dependency and enhance overall accessibility.

Successes of Government Strategies

  1. Mass Rapid Transit Systems (MRTS): Metro systems in cities like Delhi, Bengaluru, and Mumbai have expanded rapidly, reducing commute times and curbing pollution levels.
  2. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT): Successful BRT corridors, notably in Ahmedabad, have provided affordable public transit options, reducing traffic congestion and pollution.
  3. Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) Initiatives: Cities like Pune and Chandigarh have implemented dedicated cycle tracks and pedestrian pathways, improving accessibility and promoting sustainable urban commuting.
  4. Smart City Mission: Under the Smart City Mission, various cities have integrated digital platforms for real-time data on public transport, aiding seamless and convenient commuting experiences.
  5. Electric Vehicles (EV) Promotion: Policies supporting EV adoption, including incentives and charging infrastructure development, contribute to sustainable urban transport with less environmental impact.

Limitations of the Strategies

  1. Inconsistent Implementation: Many urban transport initiatives, like BRT corridors, suffer from inconsistent implementation, with poorly designed lanes and encroachments limiting effectiveness.
  2. Lack of Comprehensive NMT Infrastructure: Limited pedestrian pathways, cycling tracks, and last-mile connectivity hinder NMT adoption, especially in congested urban areas.
  3. Funding and Resource Constraints: Frequent delays and funding shortages affect large-scale projects like metro and BRT expansions, limiting public accessibility and utility.
  4. Dependency on Private Vehicles: Despite policy goals, a growing middle class and limited public transport coverage in suburban areas increase private vehicle usage, creating more congestion and pollution.

Conclusion

While the NUTP's strategies for prioritizing people-centric mobility have seen positive results, challenges remain in execution, funding, and infrastructure development. Addressing these limitations through consistent, well-funded, and inclusive approaches is essential for achieving sustainable and efficient urban mobility in India.

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