Q16.  With respect to the South China sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and ever flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China.

Model Answer:

Introduction

The South China Sea (SCS) is a critical maritime region that holds strategic importance for international trade and regional stability. The rising tensions over territorial disputes, particularly between China and several Southeast Asian nations, have underscored the need for safeguarding maritime security and ensuring freedom of navigation. In this context, the bilateral issues between India and China become particularly significant, especially as both nations navigate their complex relationship in the backdrop of regional maritime dynamics.

Body

Key Bilateral Issues Between India and China

• Border Disputes: The long-standing border disputes between India and China, particularly in the regions of Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh, continue to be a significant source of tension. The 2020 Galwan Valley clash highlighted the fragility of peace along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), exacerbating mistrust between the two nations.
• South China Sea Dynamics: While India is not a direct claimant in the South China Sea disputes, it has a vested interest in maintaining freedom of navigation in these waters. India's growing engagement with Southeast Asian nations, along with its stance on international maritime law, puts it at odds with China’s assertive claims over the region.
• Strategic Partnerships: India's alliances, such as the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) with the US, Japan, and Australia, are perceived by China as an attempt to counter its influence in the Indo-Pacific region. This has heightened security concerns and competition in maritime affairs.
• Economic Competition: Economic initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have created friction, as India perceives these projects as strategic encroachments into its sphere of influence. The competition for resources and market access in the Indian Ocean further complicates bilateral relations.
• Military Buildup: Both nations are engaged in military buildups in their respective border regions and the Indian Ocean. This arms race not only escalates tensions but also raises concerns about potential conflicts that could disrupt regional maritime security.

Conclusion

‍The maritime territorial disputes in the South China Sea amplify the existing bilateral issues between India and China, particularly regarding border disputes, strategic competition, and military posturing. As both countries navigate their complex relationship, it is crucial to foster dialogue and confidence-building measures to address these tensions. Ensuring maritime security and freedom of navigation is essential not only for regional stability but also for fostering cooperative relationships in the face of shared challenges. Promoting collaboration over confrontation can help both nations contribute to a more stable and secure maritime environment in the Indo-Pacific region.

‍

Instant Mains Evaluation with SuperKalam

‍