Q19. Tropical cyclones are largely confined to the South China Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Gulf of Mexico. Why?

Model Answer:

Introduction

Tropical cyclones, powerful storm systems characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall, are primarily formed in specific oceanic regions. Their occurrence is influenced by a combination of geographical, meteorological, and oceanographic factors that make the South China Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Gulf of Mexico conducive to cyclone formation.

Body

1. Geographical Location: These regions lie within the tropics, where warm sea surface temperatures exceed 26.5°C (79.7°F), essential for the development of tropical cyclones. The proximity to the equator enhances the Coriolis effect, which is critical for cyclonic rotation.
2. Atmospheric Conditions: The prevailing wind patterns in these areas, influenced by the trade winds and monsoon systems, create favourable conditions for cyclogenesis. For example, the Bay of Bengal experiences significant atmospheric instability due to the Indian monsoon, facilitating cyclone formation.
3. Ocean Currents: Warm ocean currents in these regions contribute to the energy supply for cyclones. The Gulf of Mexico's Loop Current and the Kuroshio Current in the South China Sea maintain elevated sea temperatures, promoting cyclone development.
4. Seasonal Variability: These areas have distinct seasonal patterns that further enhance cyclone activity. The monsoon season in the Bay of Bengal and hurricane season in the Gulf of Mexico see a marked increase in cyclone occurrences.

Conclusion

In summary, tropical cyclones are largely confined to the South China Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Gulf of Mexico due to their warm sea surface temperatures, conducive atmospheric conditions, and specific geographical and oceanographic characteristics. Understanding these factors is vital for predicting and mitigating cyclone impacts.

‍

Instant Mains Evaluation with SuperKalam

‍