The rising use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by adversaries to transport arms, ammunition, and drugs poses a significant threat to India’s internal security. In response, the Indian government has implemented a range of countermeasures, including advanced surveillance systems, stricter regulations, and enhanced border security protocols.

Q.10 The use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) by our adversaries across the borders to ferry arms/ammunition, drugs, etc., is a serious threat to internal security. Comment on the measures being taken to tackle this threat.

Model Answer:

Introduction

In the present era of advanced technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become a significant tool for ensuring national security. However, adversaries across the borders are increasingly using UAVs to ferry arms, ammunition, drugs, and conduct surveillance, posing a serious threat to internal security. For instance, in 2023, there were over 200 reported incidents of UAVs crossing the India-Pakistan border, highlighting the growing menace.

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Threats posed by UAVs to Internal Security:

  • Arms and Ammunition Delivery: UAVs are being used to smuggle weapons and explosives, which can be used for terrorist activities.
  • Drug Trafficking: UAVs facilitate the transportation of narcotics, exacerbating the drug menace.
  • Surveillance and Intelligence Gathering: UAVs can be used to gather sensitive information about military installations and movements.
  • Target for Counter-UAVs: The presence of hostile UAVs necessitates the deployment of counter-UAV systems, which can be resource-intensive.

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Measures being taken to tackle the UAV threat:

  • Advanced Detection and Interception Systems: Deployment of radar systems, jammers, and anti-drone technologies to detect and neutralise UAVs. For example, India has developed the DRDO's anti-drone system, which was successfully deployed during the Republic Day parade.
  • Legal and Regulatory Framework: Strengthening laws and regulations to control the unauthorised use of UAVs. The Ministry of Civil Aviation has introduced the Drone Rules, 2021, to regulate drone operations.
  • International Cooperation: Collaborating with neighbouring countries and international organisations to share intelligence and best practices. India is part of the Global Counter-Terrorism Forum, which focuses on countering UAV threats.
  • Research and Development: Investing in indigenous R&D to develop advanced UAV detection and neutralisation technologies. The Indian government has allocated significant funds for the development of counter-drone technologies under the 'Make in India' initiative.

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Challenges in implementing UAV threat tackling measures:

  • Technological Sophistication: Adversaries are continuously upgrading their UAV technology, making detection and interception challenging.
  • Resource Constraints: Deploying and maintaining advanced counter-UAV systems require substantial financial and human resources.
  • Legal and Ethical Issues: Balancing security measures with privacy concerns and ensuring that regulations do not stifle innovation in the UAV sector.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while UAVs pose a significant threat to internal security, they can also be harnessed as tools for enhancing security through effective surveillance and reconnaissance. A multi-faceted strategy involving advanced technology, robust legal frameworks, international cooperation, and continuous R&D is essential to mitigate the threats posed by UAVs and leverage their potential for national security.

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