Q5b. ‘Probity is essential for an effective system of governance and socio-economic development.’ Discuss.

Model Answer:

Introduction

 Probity refers to uprightness, honesty, and integrity in public life. In governance, it fosters trust, accountability, and transparency, essential for socio-economic development. Without probity, systems become susceptible to corruption, inefficiency, and social injustice, leading to developmental stagnation.

Body

Importance of Probity in Governance

1. Ensures Accountability: Probity fosters responsibility among officials, ensuring decisions benefit society. some text
   1. Example: The Indian Right to Information Act (2005) enhances transparency.
2. Builds Public Trust: Ethical behaviour in governance cultivates citizen confidence, as seen in the Indian Election Commission's impartial functioning.
3. Prevents Corruption: Probity deters misuse of power. some text
   1. Example: For instance, countries like Denmark and New Zealand ranked high on the Corruption Perceptions Index, exhibit better governance and quality of life.
4. Efficient Resource Allocation: Probity ensures resources reach the intended beneficiaries, reducing leakages. some text
   1. Example: DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer) in India prevents pilferage in subsidy schemes.

Role of Probity in Socio-Economic Development

1. Equitable Growth: Ethical governance ensures inclusion and reduces inequalities.
2. Attracts Investments: Ethical systems invite trust from investors. 
3. Enhances Institutional Credibility: Institutions like the Supreme Court of India uphold ethical jurisprudence, strengthening democracy and justice.
4. Reduces Poverty: Probity in schemes like MNREGA has empowered rural India by ensuring wages reach labourers directly.

Measures to Strengthen Probity

1. Institutional Reforms: Strengthening bodies like Lokpal and CVC to address corruption.
2. Promoting Ethical Leadership: Gandhian values of trusteeship can inspire integrity among leaders.
3. Ethics Education: Integrating ethical training in education and bureaucracy to build a value-based society.
4. Global Cooperation: Initiatives like the UN Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) promote international ethical standards.

Conclusion

Probity is a cornerstone for good governance and socio-economic progress. By upholding ethical values and addressing challenges, nations can ensure inclusive and sustainable development. As Mahatma Gandhi aptly said, “The best politics is right action.”

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